My Experience in eSoc 211

I was a bit unsure of what exactly the Information Science and eSociety Major entailed, but Collaborating in Online Communities helped clarify a big section of it and it truly ignited an interest in it for me. Having been born in the mid 90s, I grew up with many of the major technological advancements we use today. I was an online user when Twitter started, when Facebook started, when textbooks and classes became available online, when music started being downloaded to the computer and not uploaded with CDs, etc.

Source: kingofwallpapers

This class helped me find a lot of value in social media platforms and the tools they bring to the table. I had never appreciated hashtags like I do now. I used to see them as a "key word" to solidify the content being discussed, but now I see that they're interchangeable and have a designated function. They are used for online collaboration, spreadability, marketing, and to connect individuals with a common interest by sharing a specific hashtag.

One particular section of the class that I enjoyed a lot was Unit 1 and the project my group did on it. As I share on my post about it, the project really covered the online collaboration aspect of the class and the huge impact that it can have on the spreadability and reactions on an event. The Cincinnati Zoo usually does not get any media attention, as do parks such as Disney. With sites like Reddit, Twitter, among others, online users were able to see various sides of the circumstances. It is such a controversial subject of what decision and "player" was right or wrong, and I believe that itself was what kept the talk going on for so long. Additionally, I love that users also use Memes as a sort of social outlet to relieve tensions. When millions of individuals are talking and fighting about this, lawsuits are being charged, and other negative strains are being pulled, it's fun to have that humorous twist to a situation. It's interesting to see that regardless of people's background, age, race, culture, and other demographics, people are still able to share that kind of humor.

Another post that I enjoyed writing about was Steve Jobs and tweaking. This subject helped me view what is seen as an issue in a positive way. With all the copyright and plagiarism laws, it's good to see the use of others' mistakes and prior inventions in a progressive way. Tweaking is what promotes growth and innovation, and that's what Jobs did!

The last post on my blog that I would like to talk about is the one regarding the Elections. I went particularly in-depth for this post just because this subject was so prevalent in our society for most of the semester. Additionally, it came up in so many of our social media news in class that I thought it was only fair to incorporate in my blog. In this post, I do not focus on one side or the other, instead I focus on the online collaboration and campaigning. I truly think social networking among individuals played a significant role in deviating people from one candidate to another. Additionally, a lot of the news sources affiliated with the parties showed bias against the opposing party. Not just that, but the campaigns used tweets and social platforms to bash on the other party. I noticed that this campaign was mostly about criticizing the other candidate for their personal actions, and not focusing on the political propositions of themselves or the other.

Source: Georgi Tech News

Some blogs that stood out to me include Noelle's How Smart is a Smart Phone? Post. She talks about a problem that is arising with smartphones, that with so much connection and mobile interactions, humans are beginning to disconnect from the real world. They are so focused on digitally documenting everything that they are not personally absorbing what is around them. This is a topic that I have been concerned about since before this class and an issue that is very clearly evident. Another post that was of particular interest to me was Madi's #FinishIt Post. She talks about this campaign in order to reduce smoking. In her post she discusses her group's techniques for better effectiveness and how they used humor and softer language to ease the mood. One last post I enjoyed was Nick's Social Media "Friends" Post. He explores the pros and cons of social networks and how they can have an impact on us in different ways. It's interesting to see how these platforms can desolate you from that in-person, face-to-face experience, but at the same time keep you connected to friends you would not see otherwise. It depends on the specific relationship with the person whether it's beneficial or harmful, but Nick has some great insights in this post!

Overall, this class was a very new experience and the blogging aspect of it was very fun. I have never been one to share my thoughts online, much less have my personal blog. I feel that it really helped me organize my thoughts and deepen my thoughts regarding what we discuss in class. I would love to have this kind of project in my future classes and hope ESOC 211 continues to do so.

Source: lucidica

PassTheBaton & C-PAO

For the C-PAO activity, my group created a list of tasks to promote giving back to the community though the purchasing of Hydro Flasks. Here are our list of tasks:

1. Use the hashtag #HydroFlaskGivesBack on social media to raise awareness.
2. If you own a Hydro Flask, register it on their website and choose on of the 12 charities to donate to.
3. Give a gift that keeps on giving by giving a Hydro Flask to a friend or family, and encourge them to #GiveBack.
4. Post a picture with your Hydro Flask and caption it #HydroFlaskGivesBack. Write about why you donated to the charity that you did and include a link to HydroFlask for easier accessibility.
5. Encourage a conversation on social media to help raise awareness for the cause and the charity you're passionate about.

When creating these tasks, we were focusing on making them actionable and effective. With these type of donation-based charities where participation is so easy, social networks can play a big part in spreading it. Facebook, Twitter, and even our class' new social platform are used by individuals looking for quick information, quick in-and-out interaction, easy scrolling, etc. Our tasks focused on that, easy tasks that involved interacting with others and posting like they usually would. It wasn't too hard to settle on tasks, since Hydro Flasks are something people are buying either way and something that benefits those consumers. We felt that they were important tasks in that people already have or are willing to buy these bottles, it's just a matter of learning about what they can do with them, which is greatly aided by social media and hashtags. 

Some of the tasks that were given to my group by the #HopePhone team seemed more challenging than others in the sense that they required more of an ownership, a level of it which I did not personally feel comfortable with. For instance, one of the tasks was to create an email to the University of Arizona for them to allow a Hope Phone Drive on campus. Although I think this is a great idea and has a very effective potential, I did not feel that sense of ownership and entitlement myself. In other words, I am not knowledgeable enough about this material and organization to make such an official request from our school. Some of the other tasks such as creating a mass text as well as a social platform post in which you explain the foundation, the steps one has to take, the hashtags incorporated with it for spreadability, etc. These tasks I think are most effective because they are visible by many people; they involve membership, but not a vast amount of ownership, since it's available on one's personal profile to their chosen audience.

Overall, I really enjoyed this activity and the space that was created for our class. I learned that many charities and giving back to the community can come very easily and have a create impact if a lot of people just contribute what they can. One single post can inform somebody something that ends up being life-changing. Many people have HydroFlasks and old phones they will never look back on, and social media can be remarkably effective in communicating with the public the easy things they can do to make a difference. 

The Need of Collaboration to Save #NetNeutrality

To go deeper into what was briefly mentioned in my previous post, certain algorithms created by social platforms have really affected and diminished the Net Neutrality that the Internet once had or could potentially have. To begin with, I would like to go into detail about why net neutrality is essential to our current society's knowledge as well as economic success of the general public. This is a topic that I have become extremely interested in throughout this class but even more after having created a project on it. With an exponential growth in technology and amount of Internet sites, people have become much more aware of how much the information passage is being controlled.

On a surface level, it may seem convenient that Google provides to you, as an individual user, a set of personalized search results that most match you based on your previous searches and demographics. When one looks up Starbucks, they're most likely looking for directions to the Starbucks nearest them, and not the history behind it or it's stock market value. The real issue with these algorithms goes much deeper and is much more long-term. 

As mentioned in our #NetNeutrality project, powerful ISPs are the Internet service providers that provide means through which data can be transmitted from and to various users and technologies. Companies such as AT&T, Time Warner, Comcast are all strategically designed ISPs that have the power to decide what information gets through and what does not. With this being said, this lack of net neutrality allows for some websites as well as other type of sponsored and well-established information sources get more spreadability than other smaller or relatively newer ones. 

Source: arstechnica

Since I'm also taking Economics this semester, it was easy for me to comprehend why it's so important for there to be more of an open internet and to not have only a few, mega ISPs control information. In a market, the more competitors there are for a certain product, the more accessible the prices will be for the customers, it's the farthest thing from a monopoly. Eggs are cheap because of the vast amount of suppliers there are, but goods such as Smartphone creators are more limited, which is why Apple is able to charge so much and a company like Blackberry can so easily go down from a slight disadvantage. Same applies to ISPs. The less ISPs there are, the more control each one has over the information their consumers access - that right there is one big component of the Net Neutrality issue. For that to be fixed, new regulations or a reclassification of broadband must be made. 

Source: Access Smart Solutions

Up until this project and our group's exploration of #NetNeutrality, I navigated the web thoughtlessly and accessed sites based on the first three search results. Now, I understand that many congressmen, citizens around the world, our very own President Obama, among others, are imploring awareness to prevent the Internet from becoming too much of a limited resource. Our world is significantly more advanced than it has ever been before and it's only getting more and more technology-based from here. With this said, it is vital that the government and the democracies around the world start realizing what these ISPs are doing and the way in which they are limiting knowledge. As mentioned in our video, Internet access is basically a utility now and no longer a luxury. It is a necessity for business and consumers, making it incredibly irrational for big companies to decide what the rest of the public accesses.

Counterpublic vs. Public

Source: Newhouse

We are all very familiar with the word "public." A public is a group of people, anywhere in any form, that share a common interest. An example used in class were the people watching Britney Spears' outbreaks and actions. I can be someone learning about this celebrity, while a stock broker in Wall Street is also part of this public. This said man and I are very different and far apart in most aspects of our lives, but we share this common interest to learn more about this public figure's life.

We were recently introduced to the concept of counterpublic, which essentially the opposite of a public, in the sense that it's people that do have something in common, that being a misconception of their identities. Counterpublics are those who are misunderstood by society. They tend to express feelings of misrepresentation by the mainstream public, they promote alternative identity images to others, and criticize the public's discourses.

In a way, a counterpublic plays the victim in a public, but come together to fight the feeling of exclusion. The fact that this is a discussed concept, a vocabulary word studied in class, should entail that it is an issue to be addressed promptly. With the amount of resources we have nowadays and the access to the vast amount of information we can easily attain, counterpublics should not be in presence. Obviously, the world is imperfect and it would be irrational to expect no misrepresentations at all... but that does not mean there is no courses of actions we can take as a society and online community to reduce the effects of a public's formed misconceptions.

Source: @TheMovieQuotez

This interlaces with various topics heavily discussed in eSociety classes, including net neutrality and algorithms. Media and social networks have developed algorithms and filtrations in order to limit the information available to users based on their personal background and interests. Their intentions may be for the better or for worse, to provide the results that are best for them, to prevent disputes between online users, etc. For instance, Karen from Mean Girls has the common misconception that most people in Africa are dark skinned. In reality, there are many White Africans and inclusively, immigrants from all over the world are increasingly moving to this particular continent, contributing to an even more diverse population. But can we blame Karen? Africans are a counterpublic of the mainstream public who perceives them as dark skinned people living in a third-world country in poverty, wearing minimal clothing, living from their hunting and very scarce amount of water, etc. Movies and media show the general public a very specific idea of what is realistically representative of a very specific region of this continent, and they also choose to hide the section of it that's pretty similar to our society. With the control that mass medias have over what's viewed by the general public, it is inevitable that counterpublics will be formed.

Counterpublics are present in small settings such as certain sororities on our UA campus that hold a certain stereotype to a much broader, worldwide degree. Net Neutrality, as discussed in our Unit 2 Project, is one of the many things that could contract this misrepresentations and stereotypes. By providing the public with all the information evenly and fairly, all sources will be able to publicize their different kinds of information, leaving no one or nothing behind.

Lastly, with Halloween having just passed, I think it's relevant to bring up the recent controversy regarding some culture-based costumes shown below. Mexican, Asian, Indian costumes, among others have brought up a lot of talk. These groups are other examples of counterpublics who are misrepresented by Halloween costumes by the general public. In the image below, one can see how these counterpublics express disappointment and criticism, and also provide an alternative identity to who they really are.

Source: Rage Against The Minivan

2016 Elections as seen through Online Collaboration

This 2016 Presidential Election was the first presidential election in which many of my classmates and I were able to vote. As we emerge ourselves in our careers, extracurricular activities, personal interests, passions, and even professional jobs and internships, the election's results will have a discernible impact on our future. For those reasons, I found that online collaborations and social media played an extremely predominant role not just in my own, personal experience during the campaigning, but also rooted many of the parties' obstacles and successes. 

Source: Gagadaily

I'm not sure if it was that I had never been as interested and/or involved in presidential elections or if its manifestations and political atmosphere has actually drastically changed, but to me, it sure felt different. From the beginning stages until just a couple of days ago, social media platforms have been packed with political content, ads, news, and opinionated statements. For the past few months, I have also gotten to see the diverse opinions many friends and acquaintances have on sites such as Facebook (some more surprising than others). Although I'm not one to get deeply invested in debates, specially political ones and specially ones on public networks, I found myself very intrigued by them these past few months. With online collaboration, people from all over the world, from all types of backgrounds and experiences, are able to comment and argue their own insights on others' posts or even create their own. Through this, people are able to get a more constructive idea of what others are thinking and maybe even see issues through external lenses. This can be beneficial, since it forces those who tend to interact with others of concordant viewpoints to hear what others have to say. 

Source: The Harbinger Online

It is apparent that concepts such as personal political affiliation and opinions in regards of controversial issues are no longer withheld like they used to. A vote used to be someone's private right and views used to be more reserved. With such open social networks and the uncountable amount of sites available online, people are now more compelled to share their voice. They see one's opinion and their strong disagreement induces them to post against them. Although this sort of interaction may be good, I think it can and has already sparked many issues - among families and friends with opposing views all the way to cyberbullying strangers due to clashing views. I personally began to find this talk very irritating and have concluded that political conversations very rarely go well, specially if those that you're interacting with know you on a personal level, since your opinion is not as easily disregarded by them. For instance, I inevitably see a lot of Facebook friends with much more bias and prejudice based on how they view certain topics. This is not to say I have grown to dislike them, but now it's not just them and their personality I see, it's them, their personality, and that one really rude post they posted regarding x controversy.

Source: Newsweek

The potency of online collaboration and social platforms played an even stronger role among the presidential candidates themselves. Throughout the whole campaign, I was more informed by their personal scandals which the opposing party would truculently publicize than by their actual political propositions. Social media bashings and scandal-type news were preeminent in the outcome of the election. It is devastating that with open, social networking being such a key player in the campaigns, people have lost the sense of seriousness regarding the presidential elections. Whatever happens in the next four years as a country will be the result of what news such as Trump saying ___ vulgar statement or Hillary looking suspicious by doing ___. I believe this is vastly due to the way the general public and campaigning have begun using online collaboration by simply building on scandals (some more irrelevant to politics than others) and biased opinions. I must say, I do believe online collaborations during political elections can be beneficial, but it is hard to deny the fact they also contributed in the deviation of what the true focus should be at this time in U.S. history. 

Black Lives Matter Controversy

Black Lives Matter is a movement that exponentially increased after the Michael Brown incident. This event rapidly spread across social media platforms and with that, hashtags such as #BLM became popularized into a continuous movement (see article about other common hashtags here). Using online collaboration, these hashtags contributed in the spread awareness of police brutality and unity among this particular group. This is an open group that gets support from other races as well by using social networking to organize events and protests, to share live footage of cases to strengthen case, and to simply support each other as a community where many feel victimized by external sources.

Source: sfgate

With such a potent growth and effectiveness of this group, other out-group members have begun to utilize these “___Lives Matter” phrase. These include Gay Lives Matter, Unborn Lives Matter, Blue Lives Matter, and more. Some groups are using it for the same general goal as BLM, but others are seeing it through a different lens. With the rise of this movement, people have begun using “All Lives Matter” as a way of saying, it’s not just black lives that matter, but all others as well. For instance, a white male killed two cops this beginning of November and people on Twitter seemed to have noticed the lack of activity that would’ve otherwise skyrocketed had that been black life involved.

Source: thedrumnewspaper

With this said, it is apparent that the focus on #BLM has given a rise to this sense of skepticism. By focusing so much on particular out-group members, people have forgotten that it’s all lives that matter. In a way, using this phrase to create an argument against discrimination has created discrimination itself. Based on the vast amount of cases that have occurred where racism is evident towards black lives, I believe that Black Lives Matter is a great movement and has definitely been effective in raising awareness by publicizing all the physical and verbal abuse, as well as implicit bias, that exists towards them. In a sense, I feel that the movement has extended to such a far extent that other groups are starting to feel discrimination towards them. Instead of equalizing attitudes, it just shifted them from one group to another.

Source: breitbart

I don’t believe this hashtag is racist, but I do believe that the strong focus on #BLM has turned into a an implicit deterring from other groups. It is important that these Internet driven movements maintain rational and impede any disregarding of other races. The Internet and social networking are very strong tools that can be positively effective if done wisely. 

Hacking & Open Source Culture Digital Poster Session

This Wednesday, I had the opportunity to attend one of the Open Access Week's events. During this Digital Poster Sessions, students present their work and studies on hacking and open source culture. This event closely correlates with our Collaborating in Online Communities class, especially since we have been closely focusing on Open Access.

As stated on Open Access Explained, open access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles with full re-use articles. This debate of open access falls into the areas of music, entertainment, media production, art, photos, and much of the content online. This video, as well as one particular presentation during this event, focused specifically on Open Science. Open Science, as defined in the students' presentation, is a movement to make scientific research freely available.
Prior to this class, the idea of scientists and publishers charging money for access to their work seemed rational to me. Years of dedication, time, and money deserve some profitability and they should be able to do as they wish with their work. At the same time though, I found myself very unwillingly to pay any money to subscribe to a research article and would simply move on to another article that provided similar information. This reaction of mine was probably very similar to that of other average internet browsers and scholars on tight budgets. On the other hand, scientists and professionals who are looking to expand on their on research may find this system irritating, just like the speaker of Open Access Explained did.

"It's so irrational to think that these scientists like [him] are paid by taxpayers to do research and to discover things and distribute that, and then two years of work by twenty people is going to be compressed into a paper and not made available."

Some may see Open Access as a violation to one's work and as a missed opportunity to profit, but that's not what science is about. For people to grow on a scientific concept and expand on research, they need other research. Scientific discoveries should be collaborative: people's mistakes lead to others using their own knowledge to tweak, and so on until they arrive at extraordinary findings in the long-run. A very big part of the potential audience of a scientific journal is deterred due to the fees, so publishers might as well make this knowledge open to promote collaboration and the building upon science.

"Science spreads when there's no restrictions, and openness accelerates that."

As previously mentioned, this topic of Openness is applicable to many areas. Another poster I found very interesting was about the Youtube to MP3 converter resource. This group of students focused on the liability of these functions; if a certain song was converted and did not have open access, is Youtube or the converter liable? If it's on Youtube, should it be automatically open to anyone? In a way, the converter is taking an available file and simply changing the type of file. Sites as big as Youtube protect themselves with their Terms & Conditions Agreement when users upload their videos, but converter sites are evidently not as protected, so they are currently suffering from legal issues. I have personally used these type of sites myself and believe that if it's free to view on Youtube it should not be problematic to change the file type. I'm intrigued as to where this particular debate goes and believe that these types of issues will be inevitable if the idea of Open Access is not accepted.

Overall, attending this Poster Session was a very interesting experience. I had never personally seen online posters, especially as a poster session event. From what I saw, they are a mix of PowerPoint slides and paper posters in that they're very simple and visually appealing, and can range from one to multiple slides. Collaboration was essential at this event because a lot of research went into every presentation and group members took turns in speaking about their areas of expertise to build on others' topics when presenting.

Tucson Pumpkin Toss 2016

This past weekend, I had the opportunity to attend the 6th Annual Tucson Pumpkin Toss on the UA Mall. Although we were introduced to it in our class, I found their Facebook page and their personal site especially helpful and collaborative. With 252 people having liked their Facebook page, the local organizers of the event allow collaboration by having a Contact tab with their information, as well as Suggest Edits, and Share tabs. Throughout the past few years, locals have been posting their pictures, articles on catapults and related events, comical memes, questions and more on the event's profile. That way, other people that hold special interest in the Pumpkin Toss competition can elaborate, contribute, and/or answer any questions.

At the arrival of the event, I was a bit confused about the rules and regulations of the events. I decided to ask a few of the attendants about how the competition works.

In short, every pumpkin toss is measured for distance and accuracy, and then combined for their score. Since this event is of very open access, the age range and experience levels variate a lot. With that said, the organizers work towards making the standards fair by having each group state the distance of the target they are aiming for.



Although this is annual event celebrates the commencement of the season, the tradition is highly educational and collaborative. The event is split into categories, those being middle schools, high schools, and open class. People are able to work in their groups to explore the arts of trebuchets, onagers, and the physics that are incorporated with it. These groups came to be in different ways. There were some families, clubs, schools, and other organizations. For the most part, these were secondary groups that are more goal-focused and less intimate (with the exception of the family groups, among others). They are also self-organizing, founded groups in that their creators most likely remain in the group to contribute and align their activities with the other members in a cooperative system of interdependence. Lastly, I would say they're task groups, because they're very goal-focused in this non-employment environment; they are interested in succeeding as a group and it is not a conjunction of strict regulations.

Orlando from the Bit Buckets 4183 Team

At the event, I had the opportunity to speak with Orlando from the Bit Buckets team. I inquired about the time and preparation for the event. He said they used materials from last years competition and that for the last three weeks, the group members have been actively gathering at a warehouse to make corrections. I was also curious as to how their group came to form. Orlando explained that Bit Buckets members are interested in Robotics and attend events in that general area. Since the Pumpkin Toss involves science and physics, it is also an event they enjoy coming together for. Additionally, he explained that the group gatherings are mostly limited to their goals and work, but that there are a couple of members that are there through their personal family members, such as one of their very involved mentors, Mr. Forbes. One last thing about this particular group is that they not only used collaboration in the way they worked interactively to create the best mechanical system possible, but they also attracted the collaboration of external sources by fundraising in order to financially achieve their goal.

Overall, going to this event and watching the competition through the lens of what we focus in our Collaborating in Online Communities class had me think about aspects that I would not have otherwise. For instance, one of the groups was a family of home-schooled children. As I watched them during the preparation stage, it was interesting to see the small kids tweaking and collaborating together. They would work with their parents and even take notes. It is easy to infer that although they may not know the physics aspect of the project, they are still able to collaborate by using their manual labor and the adults' knowledge.

Here is a video of a particularly successful throw: 

 

Overall, I am very glad to have gotten the opportunity to attend this event and look forward to attending next year. It is truly amazing to see Tucson locals come together in such a collaborative, festive and educational manner. Besides the competitors themselves, the event would not have been as successful and as coordinated if it was not for the organizers, commentators reporting the scores and instructions, and for the audience providing their excitement and support. One can see the genuine interest of the participants through their contribution which is also extended to the online aspect of the event.

Lawrence Lessig & the Laws that Broke Creativity

This week in Collaborating in Online Communities, we discussed the Copyright issues that have become apparent due to the advancement and accessibility of technologies. Relating back to my previous post about Steve Jobs and tweaking, we have come to a point in our world where all creations are based on tweaking and previous inventions with room for improvement. It is impossible (and unreasonable) to think of an invention in this century that came from a blank slate. With this being said, Lawrence Lessig's TED Talk on Copyright laws was very interesting to me and raised insightful viewpoints that I would like to share on this particular post.

Source: interviewly

There's a lot of growing and extreme controversy regarding copyright issues. One side of the spectrum calls for the use of new technologies to be more restrictive and automatic in the impediment of copyright. On the other side of the spectrum lies a much more liberal perspective that rejects all laws attempting to prevent open use of information online. Lessig calls for a balance between the two. For this balance to be reached between (a) the law that's trying to regulate, (b) businesses trying to profit from their creations, and (c) consumers trying to use current information to elaborate or expand on, he believes that there is a needed change in perception. Authors and creators need to embrace that their work is being utilized and appreciated by the public and see it as an economic potential. This is not to support the discrediting of their work, but simply allowing it to spread more freely, although with some restrictions (not being able to be used for profit, own sale, etc).
This speaker also brings up John Philip Sousa's famous quote about phonographs in the early 90's,

Source: cylinder.de

"These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country. When I was a boy... in front of every house in the summer evenings, you would find young people together singing the songs of the day or old songs. Today you hear these infernal machines going night and day. We will not have a vocal cord left."

We are at a point where we can no longer expect online information to stop growing nor for it to be exclusive. As Lessig mentions, society needs to think of our kids today, in today's conditions, and not the way Sousa underestimated the beneficial power of certain innovations. Lessig closes his speech by requesting for our online community to "open for business," allow the democracy of online information to be spreadable in order to be able to expand, progressed, and improved as a community. This man emphasizes his concern about today's children and implores that having grown to see only technology, there is no rationality in restricting them in their usage of what's available online. 

Lowering the barriers to information and diminishing copyright limitations would not make us a read-only culture. We are a read-write culture that produces and consumes, just not the traditional way people used to "read and write." Memes, opinion articles, remixes, mash-ups, parody videos, are only a few of the many examples of compositions that require creativity and that promote a sense of community and collaboration between users all around the world. Copyright would only limit this development of information and like Lawrence Lessig says, "strangle creativity."

Source: planetsave

Steve Job at his Job

Up until this week, I had thought of Steve Jobs as a legend, who was innovative through his simplicity in the way he designed and invented the original designs of Apple products. Like many other members of the general public, I had thought of this man as a technology God.

(Source: talentdevelop)

Although I still see him with great admiration, Malcolm Gladwell's article, "The Tweaker: The real genius of Steve Jobs," compelled me to alter my view of Jobs. Gladwell discusses Job's tendency to "tweak" rather than invent. In other words, instead of having the ability to create something from zero, this man needs to visually analyze something, see what's wrong with it, and then give it a unique touch of improvement.

"I'll know it when I see it." - Steve Jobs

There are various instances where Jobs tweaked something in existence that he thought needed improvement. With a few touches, this man converted such inventions into much better and profitable products. Many critics of this man saw it as a lack of creativity, plagiarism, etc. To me, it is a debatable subject, specially with the knowledge I have gained in Collaborating in Online Communities. After reading this particular article, I did not seem to hate the idea of tweaking, quite the contrary. Jobs was collaborating and using information available to him to advance our technology community. By using others' personal contributions, individuals are able to refine them, and that way the community can benefit and advance as a whole.

(Source: betanews)

This article also made me think about the legal aspect of collaboration and copyright. On the one hand, collaboration is what allows for invention. It is previous mistakes that enhance creativity and allow for analysis to further improvement. But on the other hand, is it fair for Jobs to take an invention, which took time, money, and many other resources, slightly tweak it and make significantly more profit? It seems immoral to completely discredit the inventor of the tweaked invention, but at the same time everything around us today are collaborative results of tweaking. We didn't arrive at environmentally friendly LED dimming light bulbs by suddenly "inventing" them from scratch. It comes from tweaking after tweaking, from the start with wax candles.

(Source: knxtoday)

In conclusion, the advancing technologies and collaborative communities will inevitably and exponentially continue to raise questions regarding copyright and legal issues with new innovations, and it will be a challenge to control or solve this issues. With this said, online communities have to become acceptable of the idea of Open Source, allowing free access to others' information as long as you do so in an appropriate way. In class, we talked about how failure is essential for improvement, you can't improve if everything is done perfectly. This process would be inefficient if the failure, tweaking, and work towards success was al left to one individual. As I mentioned before, our world is improving as a result of tweaking collaboratively.

Pro-Ana Communities

This week, our class took Online Collaborations out of our usual context. We explored Pro-Ana communities. These communities were created through the shared identification of many of the authors and viewers. Lili Steffen talked about these communities, what they stand for, how they interact with each other, and what the consequences are like.

Source: theproanalifestyleforever.wordpress.com/

One aspect of the lecture that really stood out to me was that there is a lot of social and political controversy regarding this community, since these bogs/sites can either trigger or alleviate the disease. In other words, people that have recognized their eating disorder as a problem can go online and gain support and catharsis simply by reading comments, looking at pictures, articles by people that have overcome the disease, etc. An important advantage to this is that it's all in the privacy of their own home, where they do not feel judgement or a certain stigma. On the other hand, the sites can have the completely opposite effect. People emphasize that these disorders are a lifestyle, a choice and not a disorder. With this, many post images promoting that physique and those behaviors. Since they see that the Pro-Ana community is huge and has users all over the world, they think that it is acceptable and can lead them to expanding their eating disorders even more. Someone that may have been concerned about their health, may look at the online communities and leave the computer feeling feeling more supportive of their "lifestyle."

Now, with Pro-Ana online communities spreading throughout sites like Tumblr, these online platforms have began to intersect worrisome behaviors. For instance, if a user searches for "suicide" or "anorexia," Tumblr responds with the image shown below prior to showing search results. With these interventions, social networks can serve as a support and impede suicides or health preventive behaviors by looking at people's searches and browsing.

Source: safeandsoundsocial

A concept I kept thinking about during her talk was Communities of Practice. To refresh some memories, those are groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an on going basis. Now by definition, this would be more like soccer moms discussing the school board during their children's' soccer game. But in a way, Pro-Ana communities also cultivate COP in the way in which they share their passion through blogs and support each other that way. Most of them may not know each other personally or even what they look like, but as Lili said, that is often better, since they are not worried about their mental disease being disclosed to their friends and families.

Collaborating during Unit #1 Project

Source: cincinnati

For our initial project in Collaboration in Online Communities, we were given the opportunity to work in groups in order to create a website and utilize online tools to develop a timeline of a certain piece of content that was recently spread collaboratively across various digital spaces.

My group created our project based on Harambe, the gorilla whose life was terminated by the Cincinnati Zoo in order to save a boy who had accessed the ape's exhibit. This particular topic was very interesting to me because when I initially heard about the incident over the summer, it was a shame, but I would have never thought it would be the kind of news to spread across so many social and news platforms and for such a long period of time.

Source: marketingland

One big contributor to the spread of this particular event was Reddit. Prior to this class, I had never accessed this network, but it is astonishing how fast one document or post can spread through here. Since people upvote to increase the popularity of the post, it creates a sort of escalating chain reaction, where more and more people see it at an increasing rate as more people upvote. This being such a controversial topic of discussion, (who was wrong, how should the zoo have responded, etc.) Reddit fastened the spread of Harambe. In Reddit, people are also allowed to discuss, speak out their opinions, and inclusively respond to other comments. This was only one of the various players that our group explored, but I think it was the most effective one, given the vast amount of responses and upvotes still increasing until this day.

Source: nymag

After most news channels, media, and networks like Reddit spread the news, the general public responded via Twitter, Facebook, blogs, protests, and trends such as "Dicks Out for Harambe." Although it raised serious environmental, animal protection, and legal concerns, this popular event also gave people the incentive to create humorous "memes" and jokes.

In terms of the tools we used, our team collectively agreed on using Photoshop to develop the timeline. We could have gone with Prezi or several other programs, but there is something very visually appealing about a simplistic vertical timeline. We were careful not too add too much information that it became overwhelming and were also sure to include images to make it visually appealing. With timelines, viewers are not necessarily trying to attain in-depth information about every event, but a chronological, general idea of a specific time period.

Another aspect of this group that I would like to bring up is the way in which we designated different roles, but also practiced collaboration. At the beginning of our group work, we got together and spoke out potential ideas. After we had picked one, we created a Google Document where we could all simultaneously and interactively contribute to the textual content of our site. At this time, we were each also given a specific section to focus our research on. Although we were each focusing on one idea, we were all allowed to go back on others' work, read it, and give personal inputs on ways to improve or modify certain sections.

Overall, I was very content with the way in which Myles, Klaudia, Noelle, Karen, and I worked as collaborative group. One particular thing from our class' readings that has stood out to me is that leaders are not necessary for a group to be successful. By having a uniform organization and roles, a group can flourish to a great extent. In this group, we all used our skills to make our Unit 1 Project the best that we could.

Week 2 - Dialectal Thinking & Social Media Friendships

Curtis Silver writes his article on what he believes to be a sort of disarray among social media friendships. In his post, he discusses the variations in definitions of friend. A philosophical definition may mention the affection and caring attitudes among friendships, that which seems to be the definition Silver mostly utilizes to support his argument. 

For instance, I've had many instances where I somehow add or get added by a Facebook user that I may have heard of, have mutual friends with, or simply seen from afar at an event. After that, their stories, photos, and statuses appear on my feed and allow me to keep up with what this x-person is doing. Then comes the time when we cross paths in person and we do this thing where we pretend neither of us have ever known a single fact about the other. This is exactly what Silver believes to be the issue in social media.

(Source: churchmag)

Even though I agree with most of Silver's arguments, I find it very hard to follow his claim of social media having facilitated and in a way having released the tension of meeting people and/or being around strangers. Although, he does emphasize that this sense of comfort should not exist because "anyone we don't know on a personal level is nothing more than a stranger," I still disagree that social media has actually reduced the awkwardness with strangers. In a way, it just switched it from, "I don't know you so I have nothing to talk about" to "I know a lot about you, but I know that through creepy, online means, so I'm just going to pretend I don't know you or anything about you at all." Either way, some social encounters are awkward and social media has definitely altered them, that being for better or for worse.

To me, it is not valid to think of virtual connections as supplements to actual face to face connections. To effectively support his argument, Silver presents Dunbar'sNumber Theory that states one can only maintain 150 "friends." One may have over 800 friends, but of those a small section will actually share an intimate relationship with the user. I thought it was particularly interesting to bring up Facebook's "subscription" and "acquaintances" features. As a way to minimize this quagmire, the social media platform offered users a way to organize their friends and to put focus on the people they were actually friends with. The outcome of this was rather unexpected, in that people's desire to belong and appear more popular prevailed over their  messy, irrelevant news feeds.

(Source: brandonwithrow)

Before establishing a stringent claim on the inferiority of online relationships, one should consider times and platforms that do indeed benefit and lead users' relationships into a more meaningful path. For instance, the other day my close friend started venting about how our friend we graduated high school with a few years ago unfollowed her on Twitter. It wasn't the deduction on her Followers number she was concerned about, but she saw it as a sort of "break up." This user who goes to school on the East side will no longer get to see what my friend is ever up to or has to say or share. With this said, Twitter and social platforms that consist of users sharing about their lives and activities give long-distance friendships a chance to keep contact. Realistically, with people's busy lives, it gets too complicated coordinating a time to have a good talk on the phone, sending letters is not time efficient, etc.

Although my friend's unfollowing example was doing the opposite of staying close, my friend brought up the point that it is only this way that our generation has been able to keep in contact with those friends and family that have move far away. Now when my friend from NYU comes home, we don't have that awkward, "how's school? What's your major again?!" repetitive conversation. With social media, it's more along the lines of, "hey I saw you went to that __ event, my friend __ also went, it looked fun, how was it?"

(Source: travelnews.lv)

Week 1

In our first few days of Collaborating in Online Communities we were introduced to some concepts that most of us have been affected by or been a part of in our everyday lives.

To begin with, one visual that we were presented with is that of Collaboration & Collective Intelligence. I thought it was very informative that the graph was organized by scope and strength of the Tie. In this visual one can see how Collaboration is very strong, yet has a minimal scope. Things like Team Collaboration, Project Management, and Wikis cannot be contributed or expanded by as many individuals. Although that may be a restriction on the knowledge being shared, the positive aspect of it is that it is much more concentrated in that the information is tight, focused, and accurate.
On the other hand, Collective Intelligence is a much more broad form of collaboration. The tie is weak, but the scope is much greater. Concepts such as Innovation Management and Prediction Markets play a role in this because there are many factors contributing. In other words, one needs a lot more knowledge about a much larger, less focused scope to successfully carry out those types of duties.

This week we also had the opportunity to watch journalist James Surowiecki's TED talk on the power and danger of online crowds. I found this topic particularly interesting because being one of the first generations to grow up with internet, I was able to relate to what the speaker had to say. He brought up the paradox of online crowds; that being that groups are more successful when individuals are more independent. To exemplify the concept, he used the example of ants simply following those in front of them leading them to a lack of progress. 

To further this concept, we also learned about coordination which leads to collaboration. Instead of depending on the ant in front and mirroring others' behaviors, individuals should be independent and have the genuine intention of collaborating. This will lead to harmony and the achievement of the group's goals.